All About Avoir, a French Super Verb

Avoir is an irregular French verb that means to have. The multitalented verb avoir is omnipresent in the French written and spoken language and appears in a multitude of idiomatic expressions, thanks to its utility and versatility. It  is one of the  most used  French verbs. In fact, of  the thousands of French verbs, it is among the top 10, which also include:  Ãƒ ªtre, faire, dire, aller, voir, savoir, pouvoir, falloir and pouvoir. The Three Functions of Avoir The many forms of  avoir  are busy binding together the French language in three essential ways: 1) as a frequently used transitive verb with a direct object, 2) as the most common auxiliary verb for the languages compound tenses  and 3) as an impersonal verb in the ubiquitous French expression il y a (there is, there are).   Transitive Verb When used alone, avoir is a transitive verb that  takes a direct object.  Avoir  means to have in most senses, including having something in ones possession and currently experiencing something.  Avoir à  Ã‚  can mean to have to, but that expression is more commonly translated by  devoir. Jai deux stylos.   I have two pens.Jai trois frà ¨res.   I have three brothers.Jai mal à   la tà ªte.   I have a headache.Jai une idà ©e.   I have an idea.Jai à ©tà © eu.   Ive been had (tricked).Ils ont  de largent.  Ã‚  They  have money.On a essayà © de tavoir toute la journà ©e.  Ã‚  We tried to get through to you  all day.Elle a de la famille/des amis à   dà ®ner.  Ã‚  Ã‚  She has  relatives/friends over for dinner.Elle a beaucoup de sa mà ¨re.  Ã‚  Ã‚  She really takes after her mother. Auxiliary Verb Avoir is by far the most frequently used auxiliary, or helping, verb in French compound tenses, which include a conjugated form of avoir with the past participle of the primary verb. As an auxiliary verb, it is used to build compound tenses, such as  passà © composà ©.  Verbs that dont use avoir, use  Ãƒ ªtre  as their auxiliary verb. For example: Jai dà ©jà   à ©tudià ©.   I have already studied.Jaurai mangà © avant ton arrivà ©e.   I will have eaten before you arrive.Si javais su, je taurais tà ©là ©phonà ©.   If I had known, I would have called you.Jaurais voulu vous aider.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Id have liked to help you.Il les a jetà ©s dehors. He threw them out.Jai maigri. Ive lost weight.As-tu bien dormi  ? Did you sleep well ?Jai à ©tà © surpris. I was  surprised.Il aurait à ©tà © enchantà ©. He would have been delighted. Impersonal Verb in Il y a One cannot underestimate how essential this function is to the French language, as the equivalent is to English. As an impersonal verb (verbe impersonnel), avoir is the verb in the utilitarian expression il y a. It translates to there is when followed by a singular, and there are when followed by a plural. A few examples: Il y a du soleil.   Its sunny. / The sun is shining.Il y a juste de quoi faire une salade. Theres just enough to make a salad.Il ny a quà   lui dire. We just have to tell him.Il y a 40 ans de à §a.  Ã‚   40 years ago.Il y a une heure que jattends.   Ive been waiting for an hour.Il doit y avoir une raison. There must be some reason. A Word About Pronunciation: FORMAL VS. MODERN   Careful with the pronunciation of avoir. Consult an audiobook to hear correct pronunciations. 1. In more formal French, there are many sound liaisons involved with the pronunciation of  avoir: Nous avons   Nous Z-avonsVous avez Vous Z-avezIls/Elles ont Ils Z-ont (silent t) Students often confuse the pronunciation of  ils ont  (aller, Z sound) and  ils sont  (à ªtre, S sound), which is a major mistake. 2. In informal modern French, there are a lot of glidings (elisions). For example,  tu  as  is pronounced  ta. 3. Glidings are in everyday pronunciations of the common expression  il y a: il y a yail ny a pas (de) yapadil y en a yan na IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS WITH AVOIR Avoir is used in a number of idiomatic expressions, many of which are translated by the English verb to be.   Jai 30 ans. I am 30 years oldJai soif / faim. I am thirsty / hungry.Jai froid/chaud. Im cold/ hot.avoir ___ ans  Ã‚  to be ___ years oldavoir besoin de   to needavoir envie de   to wantMerci. Il ny a pas de quoi  ! [OR Pas de quoi.]   Thank you. Dont mention it. /  Youre welcome .Quest-ce quil y a  ? Whats the matter ?(rà ©ponse,  familier) Il y a que jen ai marre  !  Ã‚  Im fed up, thats what!  Il y en a  OR  Il  y a des gens, je vous jure  !  (familier)  Ã‚  Some people, honestly / really ! Conjugations of Avoir Below is the useful present-tense conjugation of avoir. For  all the tenses, both simple and compound, see avoir conjugations. Present tense jaitu asil anous avonsvous avezï » ¿ils ont

The Use of Standardized Testing - 1088 Words

Research shows that the use of standardized testing has spanned centuries, some of the earlier studies include data from the early 1900’s. According to Frazier (2009), â€Å"there is a significant difference in scores on standardized tests when students have completed a technology education program†. This study shows a correlation between the use of technology within the school system and achievement on standardized tests. Students that are exposed to technology education are more likely to do well on standardized tests. The need for assessment or standardized tests according to Dr. Art Costa, the need to give standardized tests is necessary to obtain information regarding how well schools are performing in relationship to other schools in other countries (Harris, 1993). Also, how well students progress over time and are the students achieving in their school experience. Another measure is how do students assess themselves in relation to their educational journey. This study describes the importance of students assessing themselves. If a student’s journey does not conclude with an understanding of their level of independence on adults and without the tools to be able to measure their knowledge level there is a deficiency within the educational system (Harris, 1993). Dr. Costa explains that standardized testing provides a realistic view of what students know (Harris, 1993). In order to determine if a student can interpret and practice the knowledge learned it should be confirmedShow MoreRelatedUse of Standardized Testing1893 Words   |  8 PagesUse of Standardized Testing: In the past several years, standardized testing has been increasingly used as the most meaningful method for evaluating students but is it accurate indicator of student performance? Standardized testing can be described as the use of tests that are managed, scored, and understood in a predetermined, standard way. 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Other than being a student myself, and participating in multiple standardized exams such asRead MoreStandardized Testing And Standardized Tests1204 Words   |  5 PagesYou must mark all your answers on this answer sheet. Use only a No. 2 pencil. You may not use a pen.   When you fill in the circles, make heavy black marks.   If you make a mistake, erase it completely.   Make no stray marks. Do not make any marks on the back of the answer sheet. These instructions are something we have all nearly fallen asleep to over our years of standardized tests. I myself can be included with you in that expe rience and I hope to give you a little more information on these all tooRead More The Controversy of Standardized Testing Essay1492 Words   |  6 PagesThe Controversy of Standardized Testing â€Å"No issue in the U.S. Education is more controversial than (standardized) testing. Some people view it as the linchpin of serious reform and improvement, others as a menace to quality teaching and learning† (Phelps). A tool that educators use to learn about students and their learning capabilities is the standardized test. Standardized tests are designed to give a common measure of a student’s performance. Popular tests include the SAT, IQ tests, RegentsRead MoreEssay on Standardized Testing a Failure in Education1335 Words   |  6 PagesStandardized testing scores proficiencies in most generally accepted curricular areas. The margin of error is too great to call this method effective. â€Å"High test scores are generally related to things other than the actual quality of education students are receiving† (Kohn 7). â€Å"Only recently have test scores been published in the news-paper and used as the primary criteria for judging children, teachers, and schools.†(2) Standardized testing is a great travesty imposed upon the American Public School

Multicultural Education Piecing Together the Puzz Essay Example For Students

Multicultural Education: Piecing Together the Puzz Essay le When a child opens his (or her) first puzzle and the pieces fall to the ground, it may seem very confusing. What are they to do with this pile of shapes in front of them? It often takes a parent to explain to them that all the different pieces fit together into one whole picture. Although every piece is different and unique, when they are all put into their place they form one whole picture. In the same way, teachers can teach multiculturalism in the classroom. Although every member of our society is unique, with different cultural backgrounds, we all fit together to form one unit. As stated by Noel (1995), Understanding our own identity and the culture of our community requires knowledge and recognition of our cultures and communities and how they have shaped us (p. 267). By adding a multicultural component to their curriculums, teachers can help students see how each individual fits into the big picture. There are, however, arguments against multicultural education (Banks, 1995). For example, some critics believe that multicultural education is directed toward only minority groups, thus discriminating against middle class, white, heterosexual males. Others believe that multiculturalism is against Western and democratic ideals. A final argument is the claim that multiculturalism will divide our presumably united nation. Although critics of multicultural education may feel they have valid arguments against the issue, I feel that the goals of multicultural education make it an important part of the curriculum that every student should experience. I agree with Wurzel (1988) and Noel (1995) when they stress awareness as a key component to multiculturalism. Students must become aware of their own culture and how they are similar and different from others. Awareness also involves an understanding of issues involving differences in culture and a knowledge of which of these issues are present in their community. After becoming aware of these issues, students often react emotionally. With an awareness of the richness and variety of cultures in their community and a personal emotional reaction, students can take social action, another goal of multicultural education (Noel, 1995). Noel says that students would take action aimed at positive multicultural change(p. 272). I feel that these goals are proof that the arguments against multicultural education are invalid (Banks, 1995). Multiculturalism promotes positive change for persons of all cultures. It involves not only teaching majority groups about minorities, but also teaching minority groups about the majority groups. It has its base in democratic ideals such as equality, freedom, and justice. Multiculturalism will unite our divided nation into one unit which will have no mainstream culture, but many diverse subcultures which will cooperate for the good of everyone, not just the majority or the minority. I feel very strongly that multiculturalism should be included in all curricula. My school experience (until college) didnt include multicultural perspectives and I feel as if I missed out on some important things. I often feel a little clueless when confronted with situations involving people different from me. Without some knowledge of our surroundings, how can we be expected to survive in society? This question reveals one of the purposes of education, survival. Learning about the other people who share our community is an essential part of this survival in modern society. Multiculturalism becomes increasingly important as our society becomes more diverse. In the past (Lynch, 1989), efforts to provide multicultural content to students have, as critics feared, created more diversity and tension among groups. However, more recent methods are aimed at creating relations based on commonalities. Lynch (1989) suggests providing a basis of common knowledge, skills, and insights about the things that all human societies should hold in common (p. 43). The Atomic Bomb Essay Stressing similarities will unify groups with differences. Davidman (1994) defines the goals of multicultural education as: (1) educational equity; (2) empowerment of students and their parents; (3) cultural pluralism in society; (4) understanding and harmony in the classroom, school, and community; (5) an expanded knowledge of various cultural and ethnic groups; and (6) the development of students, parents, and practitioners.. .guided by an informed and inquisitive multicultural perspective (p.2). Just as the goals stated by other crusaders for multiculturalism, Davidsons goals follow a specific order and stress knowledge, understanding, .

Two Problems of Enron Company

Creativity is of essence in every aspect of life. Moreover, a world full of creative minds can go along way in making it a better place. Companies depend on creative minds to achieve their unique and important objectives. In fact, goals are always backed by creative and innovative minds. In essence, originality goes along way in improving a company’s status. Competitive edge is an essential aspect to companies’ sustainability.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Two Problems of Enron Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is therefore imperative that efforts are made to pursue its goals and mission. Company employees are required to be creative to utilize their abilities for betterment of the company. However, copyright and intellectual property issues are still rampant in companies. This is mainly because some people still consider others’ work as more important than theirs. Moreover, othe rs are lazy and find it difficult to come up with their own works. This paper outlines two problems, one of which includes an employee X, who presented employee Z’s proposal as his/her own. These employees in addition to 98 others were given three weeks to come up with their own proposals. Moreover additional days were granted to those who requested, however, employee X decided to present another person’s work. The second problem outlines how Enron employees falsified accounting information in order to meet impractical expectations. The paper will therefore try to offer possible disciplinary actions for the first problem and evaluate whether the second case can be linked to students who cheat in exams to get good grades (McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2003, p. 1). Case one involves several elements. For instance, we are told that employee X is normally hard working and reliable. However, he/she decided to use employee Z’s incomplete work by adding a few lines and assume complete ownership. This is not only disrespectful to employee Z, but also cheating with respect to the company. In fact, this can be described as plagiarism, because employee X uses Employee Z’s work and ideas without consent and or acknowledgment. Moreover, each of the 100 employees was to come up with his/her proposal. In this regard, the CEO reserves the right to take a disciplinary action. However, depending on the situation a variety of disciplinary actions may be taken (Whitbeck, 2006, p. 1). Some of which include, penalties, rejection of his/her work, suspension and sacking, followed by assigning the proposal to employee Z. In addition, since employee X is hard working and reliable, it is important that these are put into consideration while deciding on the correct course of disciplinary action.Advertising Looking for report on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reasonably, from all the informati on presented, employee X’s proposal should be rejected, followed by suspension and ownership of that paper given to its rightful owner, which is employee Z. This is because employee X plagiarized another person’s work, and suspension comes in place of sacking because he/she has been hard working and reliable. Moreover, the employee is punished to avoid such instances in future (Bruwelheide, 1999, p. 1). It is always important that institutions and organizations make realistic and achievable objectives. This way, they may avoid pressures that come with trying to meet unrealistic expectations. Enron employees’ unrealistic expectations, which forced then to falsify accounting information, can be linked to students who set unrealistic goals and hence cheat to meet them. This is quite similar because they are all under the influence of pressure to succeed. However, this is an offense and if found can draw various repercussions ranging from penalties, suspensions, exp ulsion to jail terms, among others. Students should therefore work towards setting realistic and achievable goals to help in their motivation rather than pressure (Fezler, 2010, p. 1). References Bruwelheide, J.H. (1999). Intellectual Property and Copyright: Protecting Educational Interests and Managing Changing Environments. net.educause.edu. Web. Fezler, D. (2010). The Enron Scandal: Enron Collapse. whatreallyhappened.com. Web. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. (2003). Avoiding Plagiarism Tutorial. highered.mcgraw-hill.com. Web. Whitbeck, C. (2006). Plagiarism in a Grant Proposal. National Academy of Engineering. Web.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Two Problems of Enron Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This report on Two Problems of Enron Company was written and submitted by user Sebulba to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A Sociological Look At Jaws Essays - Film, Fiction, Entertainment

A Sociological Look At Jaws The movie I choose to review was Jaws, which is one of my favorites and a timeless classic. A traditional story about man against beast takes place on an island that depends on its summer tourist business. When the summer season in threatened by a series of shark attacks three men are sent out to track down a great white shark. The three main (human) characters are Brody (Roy Scheider), the police chief, who came to the island from New York looking, so he thought, for a change from the fears of the city. There's Quint (Robert Shaw), a caricature of the crusty old seafaring salt, who has a very personal reason for hating sharks. And there's Hooper (Richard Dreyfuss), the rich kid turned oceanographer, who knows best of all what a shark can do to a man, and yet is willing to get into the water with one The movie starts just before the summer boom with a girl running out in to the ocean for a midnight dip. She is undoubtedly attacked by a shark and when she is found on the beach the next morning the town officials dismiss the find as a boating accident. Chief Brody who is not convinced of that is was a boating accident fears it was a shark attack. With the safety of not only the islanders but also the coming tourist crowds Brody tries to close the island off the tourists until the problem is solved. The Mayor sensing what Brody is up to stops the Chief from cutting off the islands only means of income. The Mayor tells Brody that no one is sure what happened to the girl and no decision like this can be made with the evidence at hand. Brody unwillingly agrees. When there is another attack, this time on a small child and in broad daylight, a meeting is called to discuss what to do about the islands problem. The Chief decides t call the mainland for help but being an island of fishermen the locals have only on thing on their minds. This is where we get to meet Quint. Quint is convinced that the only way to solve the problem is to hunt it down. He offers his services, for a nominal fee of course. In the end the Mayor decides that the best way to deal with the problem is by offering a reward to anyone who catches the shark. In comes Hooper. He arrives just in time to see the parade of fishermen cast off in any thing thatll float in hopes of catching the prize shark. With chaos erupting all around Hooper asks to see the first victim. In studying the victim Hooper discovers that she definitely did not have a boating accident and that it was a shark much larger than any he has seen before. Down at the docks someone does manage I to reel in an impressive sized tiger shark. While everyone is giving out pats on the back Hooper is the one that finds out that the wrong shark has been caught. He states that while this species has attacked humans and is foreign to these waters the bite radius doesnt match up to the first victim. Being an outsider no one is inclined to listen to Hooper. To proven his point Hooper and Brody sneak down to the docks to cut open the shark. Among many strange findings none are human remains. This piques Hoopers curiosity and he drags Brody (who is afraid of boats and water) out on his boat to see what they can find in the waters surrounding the island. They come across a boat wreck and upon closer inspection they discover that the wreck is the work of the sought after shark. With the evidence theyve uncovered Hooper and Brody go to the Mayor and demand he shut down the beaches. With no physical evidence that the wrong shark has been caught the Mayor decides to open the beaches for the 4th of July. The 4th of July is a bright and sunny day but no one is going in the water. The Mayor, fearing the worst, coaxes on of his friends to make the

The Beneficial Effects of Clearcutting essays

The Beneficial Effects of Clearcutting essays The Beneficial Effects of Clearcutting The approaches of clearcutting presents major ecological questions especially in Florida. With the ever-present population boom into the state, more areas while be needed for growing communities. The two major approaches to clearcutting are through controlled fires which devastate naturally occurring microorganisms within the soil, or through simply leveling the land through man-made machines such as bulldozers and chainsaws. Clearly the most beneficial method, both financially and ecologically, is the use of man-made machines instead of fires. In todays society it is true that there is no big demand for timber. However, there is still a price tag for timber that is sold in todays market. Clearcutting that occurs in areas of little finacial wealth depend upon the sale of timber in there areas to keep their community stable economically. Not only does clearcutting provide money for communities it also provides jobs for less-skilled workers who can provide for their Ecologically speaking, clearcutting provides the least damage against biodiversity within an ecological environment. Controlled fires release an extraordinary amount of concentrated CO2 into the air. Depending on the area of the controlled fire, harmful smoke can be inhaled for miles from the area of the burn. Individual suffering from asthma and senior citizens who predominate in Florida would be affected from burning of wood. While trees would be cut down new trees of the same species would be planted to ensure that the no certain species would go extinct in a certain area. Another ecological benefit of clearcutting is that beneficial minerals would not be leached into the ground as would occur if burning were to take place. Scientific studies have proven that clearcutting slows the rate of mineral leaching. This could be due to microorganisms that live centimete...

What main aspects and impacts of the Thirty-Years-War are reflected in Assignment

What main aspects and impacts of the Thirty-Years-War are reflected in Grimmelshausen's Adventures of Simplicius Simplicissimus - Assignment Example novel written in satirical style Grimmelshausen depicted decline and collapse of his country’s population and peasants suffering from the cruel war. He wanted to show the peasants’ protest against injustice, lack of food, taxation, social and religious intolerance, and violence. The fact that Simplicissimus is full of progressive political argumentation shows that Grimmelshausen very well informed about politics and details of the war. As a person who participated in the war he described the events and draw small details very precisely. The novel is worth-reading and historically valuable. In spite of the fact that the author chooses no concrete heroes as protagonists, Simplicissimus, who is considered to be the main character of the book, tells the story of an innocent child who got experience in The Thirty-Years-War. In general he tells the life stories of people who participate in the war and should fight in order to survive, but in the end they are either physically injured or mentally traumatized. The book was written under the horrific impressions of the Thirty-Years-War and as it contains a lot of facts from the author’s life, it is considered to be an autobiographic novel. Simplicius tries to correct mishaps of the world and in the funny way tells the truth about all evils. After lots of misfortunes he decides to settle on an uninhabited island. He undergoes different stages of life (military service, triumph, wealth, disease, travels etc.), but finally, the character withdraws from the world. Like the author Simplicius was separated from his family and had to do a military service. The place of birth (Hanau), the siege of Magdeburg, the exploits in Westphalia correspond to the facts from Grimmelshausen’s life. All the events, which are documentary ones, have appropriate chronological order, because imaginary events are well documented. Thus, â€Å"Adventures of Simplicius Simplicissimus† is a great document in German literature, which presents